Treatment of diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus – Modern Treatment Methods and Endocrinologist Recommendations

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases among working-age people. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 285 million people worldwide suffer from this condition. Prognoses indicate that in the next 15 years, this number could increase by 150 million. Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is crucial to prevent serious complications.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

• Type I Diabetes (insulin-dependent): Usually occurs in people under 30 years old. Main symptoms include persistent thirst, increased appetite, frequent urination, and weight loss. Treatment of this type of diabetes requires insulin therapy. Autoimmune and LADA diabetes also fall under this category.
• Type II Diabetes (non-insulin-dependent): Mainly occurs in older or predisposed individuals. Insulin deficiency usually develops due to an unhealthy lifestyle and poor diet. Treatment of Type II diabetes primarily involves dietary adjustments and physical activity, with medications or insulin prescribed if necessary.
• Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after childbirth. However, it can cause serious risks for fetal development and may increase the mother’s risk of developing diabetes later in life.
• Other Types: Diabetes can also develop due to endocrine disorders, infections, genetic factors, or pancreatic dysfunction.

Modern Treatment Methods for Diabetes Mellitus

• Dietary management: Limiting carbohydrates and alcoholic beverages is essential. Diet plans should only be followed after consultation with an endocrinologist and dietitian.
• Blood sugar-lowering agents: Used in individuals whose body produces insulin independently but in insufficient amounts. These medications are prescribed alongside a proper diet.
• Insulin therapy: Required continuously for Type I diabetes patients. In Type II diabetes, insulin is prescribed only when complications occur or oral medications are ineffective. Blood glucose levels must be monitored constantly.
• Physical activity: Therapeutic exercise and an active lifestyle help burn excess carbohydrates and normalize blood sugar levels.
• Medications: In Type II diabetes, when diet and physical activity are insufficient, oral anti-diabetic drugs or insulin are prescribed.