Goiter Disorder in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

Goiter Disorder in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

• 03 Aprel 2025

Goiter Disease in Children and Adolescents: Treatment and Important Considerations

Goiter disease is a condition characterized by the dysfunction or enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition can occur not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Improper functioning of the thyroid gland can disrupt the body's hormonal balance and significantly affect the physical and psychological development of children. In this article, we will discuss how goiter disease is treated in children and adolescents and which symptoms should be carefully monitored.

What Is Goiter Disease?

Goiter is a disease characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, located in the neck region, produces hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate the body's metabolism. Any disruption in the levels of thyroid hormones can negatively affect various bodily functions. Goiter disease in children and adolescents may occur due to both genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms of Goiter in Children

The symptoms of goiter disease in children and adolescents may be less obvious compared to adults. The following signs may indicate goiter in children:

• Swelling or tenderness in the neck area.
• Decreased energy levels, excessive fatigue.
• Weight gain (hyperthyroidism) or weight loss (hypothyroidism).
• Rapid heartbeat or tremors.
• Slow growth and delayed development.
• Appetite disturbances, constipation, or diarrhea.
• Psychological changes, anxiety, or depression.

Treatment Methods for Goiter Disease in Children

The treatment of goiter disease in children varies depending on the type of the condition and the child's age. Treatment methods include medication therapy, surgical intervention, and nutritional adjustments.

1. Iodine Supplementation and Nutrition

Iodine is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is one of the primary causes of goiter disease. Therefore, iodine-rich foods such as seafood and iodized salt should be included in the child’s diet. In some cases, doctors may prescribe additional iodine supplements.

2. Medication Therapy

Medication is the most common treatment option for goiter disease in children. Medication therapy varies depending on the type of the disorder:

• Hypothyroidism: In cases of reduced thyroid activity, synthetic thyroid hormones (levothyroxine) are used. This medication increases the level of thyroid hormones and ensures proper metabolic function.
• Hyperthyroidism: In disorders associated with excessive thyroid activity, antithyroid medications (such as methimazole) are prescribed. These medications reduce the production of thyroid hormones and help restore the body’s hormonal balance.

3. Surgical Intervention

In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to treat goiter. If the thyroid gland becomes significantly enlarged or if other medical complications occur, partial or complete removal of the thyroid gland may be necessary. Surgery is generally recommended in severe cases.

Important Considerations for Children with Goiter Disease

Special attention must be given during the treatment of goiter disease in children and adolescents. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent more serious health complications in the future.

1. Early Diagnosis: It is crucial to detect the symptoms of goiter at an early stage. Swelling in the neck area and other related signs should be monitored.
2. Nutrition: Proper nutrition is essential for eliminating iodine deficiency. Children should consume iodine-rich foods and vitamin supplements as recommended.
3. Regular Monitoring: Throughout the treatment, children should be regularly monitored by healthcare professionals, and treatment plans should be adjusted if necessary.
4. Psychological Support: Goiter disease can also affect a child’s psychological well-being. Therefore, attention should also be given to their mental health.