Zob Xəstəliyinin Qidalanmaya Təsiri

Zob Xəstəliyinin Qidalanmaya Təsiri

• 03 Aprel 2025

The Impact of Goiter (Thyroid Disorder) on Nutrition: Foods That Support Thyroid Health

Goiter, also known as a thyroid disorder, occurs when the thyroid gland — a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck — fails to function properly. The thyroid regulates metabolism, energy production, and body temperature. Therefore, proper nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining the healthy function of the thyroid gland. This article explores how diet influences thyroid health and which foods can support its function.

The Thyroid Gland and Its Key Functions

The thyroid gland produces the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which regulate the body's metabolism, energy levels, and overall growth processes.

Disorders of the thyroid are generally classified into two main categories:

• Hypothyroidism – reduced thyroid activity leading to fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and drowsiness.
• Hyperthyroidism – overproduction of thyroid hormones resulting in weight loss, irritability, sweating, and rapid heartbeat.

Balanced nutrition plays a key role in supporting the thyroid. While some foods enhance thyroid function, others may negatively affect it.

Foods That Support Thyroid Function

1. Iodine-Rich Foods

   Iodine is an essential mineral for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism, while excessive intake may also be harmful.

   Recommended sources: seafood, iodized salt, milk and dairy products, eggs.

2. Selenium-Rich Foods

   Selenium helps convert thyroid hormones into their active forms and provides antioxidant protection. Adequate selenium intake supports thyroid health and hormone balance.

   Recommended sources: Brazil nuts, fish, eggs, whole grains, legumes.

3. Vitamin C and Antioxidants

   Vitamin C and other antioxidants protect thyroid cells from oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system, which indirectly supports thyroid function.

   Recommended sources: citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, broccoli, red bell pepper.

4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

   Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and help maintain hormonal balance. They are beneficial for overall health in individuals with thyroid disorders.

   Recommended sources: salmon, sardines, tuna, chia seeds, flaxseeds, walnuts.

5. Vitamin D

   Vitamin D supports immune function and helps prevent thyroid-related autoimmune diseases. It can be obtained through sunlight exposure and diet.

   Recommended sources: egg yolks, fatty fish, fortified dairy products.

6. Zinc

   Zinc is an important mineral that supports the production of thyroid hormones. Its deficiency may weaken thyroid function and slow metabolism.

   Recommended sources: red meat, poultry, legumes, seafood, nuts.

Foods That May Negatively Affect Thyroid Function

Certain foods can interfere with thyroid activity, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is important to be mindful of the following:

• Goitrogenic foods: cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and soy can inhibit iodine absorption. Cooking them reduces this effect significantly.
• Soy and soy-based products: excessive intake may interfere with thyroid hormone production. People taking thyroid medication should consume soy with caution.
• Processed foods and refined sugar: may disrupt hormonal balance and slow metabolism, indirectly affecting thyroid health.

Dietary Recommendations

• Follow a balanced and varied diet to support thyroid health.
• Ensure adequate intake of iodine, selenium, and vitamin D — ideally under medical supervision.
• Choose natural, minimally processed foods whenever possible.
• Cook cruciferous vegetables to reduce goitrogenic effects.
• Take thyroid medication (e.g., levothyroxine) at least 30–60 minutes before meals for optimal absorption.

Maintaining a healthy diet is essential for managing goiter and other thyroid-related disorders. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet helps stabilize thyroid function, supports medical treatment, and promotes overall well-being.